Neurobiology
Saccade control after V1 lesion revisited.
Publication Date: 2009 Nov 13 PMID: 19914819
Authors: Isa, T. - Yoshida, M.
Journal: Curr Opin Neurobiol
A number of previous articles on blindsight have stressed that even after the lesion of the primary visual cortex (V1), subjects can perform visually guided saccades toward the targets in the blind field and that the extrageniculate visual pathway which bypasses the V1 can control the saccades by itself. However, in monkey model of V1 lesion, about two months of time is needed for recovery, suggesting that the extrageniculate visual pathway cannot immediately take over the function of the geniculo-striatal pathway, and on close look at the dynamics of saccades, saccades became ballistic and online corrections of trajectories and velocities were impaired, and that decision threshold for saccade initiation was lowered. On the basis of these findings, we propose that the visual signal through V1 is necessary for deliberate control of saccades.
post to: CiteULike
Authors: Isa, T. - Yoshida, M.
Journal: Curr Opin Neurobiol
A number of previous articles on blindsight have stressed that even after the lesion of the primary visual cortex (V1), subjects can perform visually guided saccades toward the targets in the blind field and that the extrageniculate visual pathway which bypasses the V1 can control the saccades by itself. However, in monkey model of V1 lesion, about two months of time is needed for recovery, suggesting that the extrageniculate visual pathway cannot immediately take over the function of the geniculo-striatal pathway, and on close look at the dynamics of saccades, saccades became ballistic and online corrections of trajectories and velocities were impaired, and that decision threshold for saccade initiation was lowered. On the basis of these findings, we propose that the visual signal through V1 is necessary for deliberate control of saccades.
post to: CiteULike
Fish sex: why so diverse?
Publication Date: 2009 Nov 9 PMID: 19906523
Authors: Desjardins, J. - Fernald, R.
Journal: Curr Opin Neurobiol
post to: CiteULike
Authors: Desjardins, J. - Fernald, R.
Journal: Curr Opin Neurobiol
post to: CiteULike
Motor systems.
Publication Date: 2009 Nov 6 PMID: 19897357
Authors: Manira, A. E. - Shenoy, K.
Journal: Curr Opin Neurobiol
post to: CiteULike
Authors: Manira, A. E. - Shenoy, K.
Journal: Curr Opin Neurobiol
post to: CiteULike
The neural basis of visual behaviors in the larval zebrafish.
Publication Date: 2009 Nov 5 PMID: 19896836
Authors: Portugues, R. - Engert, F.
Journal: Curr Opin Neurobiol
We review visually guided behaviors in larval zebrafish and summarise what is known about the neural processing that results in these behaviors, paying particular attention to the progress made in the last 2 years. Using the examples of the optokinetic reflex, the optomotor response, prey tracking and the visual startle response, we illustrate how the larval zebrafish presents us with a very promising model vertebrate system that allows neurocientists to integrate functional and behavioral studies and from which we can expect illuminating insights in the near future.
post to: CiteULike
Authors: Portugues, R. - Engert, F.
Journal: Curr Opin Neurobiol
We review visually guided behaviors in larval zebrafish and summarise what is known about the neural processing that results in these behaviors, paying particular attention to the progress made in the last 2 years. Using the examples of the optokinetic reflex, the optomotor response, prey tracking and the visual startle response, we illustrate how the larval zebrafish presents us with a very promising model vertebrate system that allows neurocientists to integrate functional and behavioral studies and from which we can expect illuminating insights in the near future.
post to: CiteULike
Shifting the paradigm: new approaches for characterizing and classifying neurons.
Publication Date: 2009 Nov 5 PMID: 19896835
Authors: Bernard, A. - Sorensen, S. A. - Lein, E. S.
Journal: Curr Opin Neurobiol
Efforts to characterize and classify the cellular components of the nervous system have a rich history in modern neuroscience, and closely mirror the development of new techniques to assay cellular properties. Recent advances in high-throughput histology, genetics and neuroinformatics hold great promise for systematic and reproducible measurement and community databasing of cellular properties. In particular, transgenic approaches to reproducibly target and manipulate specific cell types in mice are rapidly advancing. Cre recombinase-based approaches in particular allow the coupling of cell type specificity with a wide variety of genetic tools for visualization, molecular profiling, tract tracing and functional manipulation. The reproducible multimodal characterization allowed by these transgenics provides a means to classify, building cellular taxonomies based on measurement of many phenotypic properties, as well as manipulate, moving beyond classification to understand the functional role of specific cell types and circuits in complex behaviors.
post to: CiteULike
Authors: Bernard, A. - Sorensen, S. A. - Lein, E. S.
Journal: Curr Opin Neurobiol
Efforts to characterize and classify the cellular components of the nervous system have a rich history in modern neuroscience, and closely mirror the development of new techniques to assay cellular properties. Recent advances in high-throughput histology, genetics and neuroinformatics hold great promise for systematic and reproducible measurement and community databasing of cellular properties. In particular, transgenic approaches to reproducibly target and manipulate specific cell types in mice are rapidly advancing. Cre recombinase-based approaches in particular allow the coupling of cell type specificity with a wide variety of genetic tools for visualization, molecular profiling, tract tracing and functional manipulation. The reproducible multimodal characterization allowed by these transgenics provides a means to classify, building cellular taxonomies based on measurement of many phenotypic properties, as well as manipulate, moving beyond classification to understand the functional role of specific cell types and circuits in complex behaviors.
post to: CiteULike
Measured motion: searching for simplicity in spinal locomotor networks.
Publication Date: 2009 Nov 5 PMID: 19896834
Authors: Grillner, S. - Thomas, M. J.
Journal: Curr Opin Neurobiol
Spinal interneurons are organized into networks that control the activity and output of the motor system. This review outlines recent progress in defining the rules that govern the assembly and function of spinal motor networks, focusing on three main areas. We first examine how subtle variations in the wiring diagrams and organization of locomotor networks in different vertebrates permits animals to adapt their motor programs to the demands of their physical environment. We discuss how the membrane properties of spinal interneurons, and their synaptic interactions, underlie the modulation of motor circuits and encoded motor behaviors. We also describe recent molecular genetic approaches to map and manipulate the connectivity and interactions of spinal interneurons and to assess the impact of such perturbations on network function and motor behavior.
post to: CiteULike
Authors: Grillner, S. - Thomas, M. J.
Journal: Curr Opin Neurobiol
Spinal interneurons are organized into networks that control the activity and output of the motor system. This review outlines recent progress in defining the rules that govern the assembly and function of spinal motor networks, focusing on three main areas. We first examine how subtle variations in the wiring diagrams and organization of locomotor networks in different vertebrates permits animals to adapt their motor programs to the demands of their physical environment. We discuss how the membrane properties of spinal interneurons, and their synaptic interactions, underlie the modulation of motor circuits and encoded motor behaviors. We also describe recent molecular genetic approaches to map and manipulate the connectivity and interactions of spinal interneurons and to assess the impact of such perturbations on network function and motor behavior.
post to: CiteULike
The dynamics of dopamine in control of motor behavior.
Publication Date: 2009 Nov 5 PMID: 19896833
Authors: Joshua, M. - Adler, A. - Bergman, H.
Journal: Curr Opin Neurobiol
The basal ganglia are known to control behavior using reward information; however, recent experiments have revealed that the basal ganglia contribute to the processing of salient non-rewarding events as well. Here, we suggest that the temporal dynamics of the response of dopaminergic neurons (DANs) enable the basal ganglia to have a dual role. The fast DAN response to salient events is mediated thorough the brainstem-basal ganglia loop. Forebrain loops enable the second phase of the dopaminergic responses that require highly processed information. The convergent encoding of fast/salient and slow/detailed information suggests that the basal ganglia control the tradeoff between fast and immediate responses to environmental events and slow responses that are only executed after substantial environmental information has been gathered.
post to: CiteULike
Authors: Joshua, M. - Adler, A. - Bergman, H.
Journal: Curr Opin Neurobiol
The basal ganglia are known to control behavior using reward information; however, recent experiments have revealed that the basal ganglia contribute to the processing of salient non-rewarding events as well. Here, we suggest that the temporal dynamics of the response of dopaminergic neurons (DANs) enable the basal ganglia to have a dual role. The fast DAN response to salient events is mediated thorough the brainstem-basal ganglia loop. Forebrain loops enable the second phase of the dopaminergic responses that require highly processed information. The convergent encoding of fast/salient and slow/detailed information suggests that the basal ganglia control the tradeoff between fast and immediate responses to environmental events and slow responses that are only executed after substantial environmental information has been gathered.
post to: CiteULike
From Wikipedia,
Neurobiology is the study of cells of the nervous system and the organization of these cells into functional circuits that process information and mediate behavior.[1] It is a subdiscipline of both biology and neuroscience. Neurobiology differs from neuroscience, a much broader field that is concerned with any scientific study of the nervous system. Neurobiology should also not be confused with other subdisciplines of neuroscience such as computational neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience, behavioral neuroscience, biological psychiatry, neurology, and neuropsychology despite the overlap with these subdisciplines. Scientists that study neurobiology are called neurobiologists.
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